OT2 vs OT1: Evolution of OpenTrons’ Liquid Handling Lab Robots
Automation is transforming modern laboratories. OpenTrons has been a major driver of this change. Their open-source liquid handling robots make automation accessible to everyone.
Choosing between the OpenTrons OT-1 and the OT-2 requires understanding their differences. This article compares the two generations to help you choose the right platform. Hardware and Build Quality
The physical design represents the most obvious change between generations.
OT1 Structure: Built with an open aluminum frame. It resembles a standard 3D printer. It lacks a full protective enclosure.
OT2 Structure: Features a fully enclosed, rigid polycarbonate and aluminum chassis. This design protects samples from external drafts and contaminants.
Deck Capacity: The OT1 has a limited deck space. The OT2 expands this to 11 electronic deck slots. This allows for complex, multi-plate workflows. Precision and Pipetting Mechanics
Accuracy is critical for any liquid handling robot. The OT2 offers significant upgrades in motion control and pipetting.
Motors: The OT2 uses advanced stepper motors with electronic micro-stepping. This results in smoother movement and higher precision than the OT1.
Pipette Calibration: The OT1 required manual, tedious calibration. The OT2 introduces automatic pipette recognition and electronic tip-presence sensors.
Volume Ranges: OT2 pipettes cover a wider range, from 1 µL to 1000 µL. They come in both single-channel and 8-channel configurations. Software Ecosystem and Connectivity
Software bridges the gap between a scientist and a robot. OpenTrons completely redesigned their software experience for the second generation.
Interface: The OT1 relied on a basic interface and custom Python scripts. The OT2 uses a polished App and a powerful Python API.
Protocol Designer: The OT2 introduces a visual Protocol Designer. This allows non-programmers to build protocols without writing code.
Connectivity: The OT1 used a basic USB connection. The OT2 includes Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and USB capabilities for remote control. Module Compatibility
Modules expand what a liquid handler can do. The OT2 was built from the ground up to support plug-and-play modules.
OT1 Modules: Limited to basic external hardware with hacked integration.
OT2 Modules: Fully integrated via electronic deck connections. Supported modules include a Magnetic Module for bead purifications, a Thermocycler for PCR automation, and a Temperature Module. Summary Comparison OpenTrons OT1 OpenTrons OT2 Enclosure Open frame Fully enclosed Deck Slots Varies (limited) 11 configurable slots Pipette Detection Software Basic Python scripts OT App / Visual Designer Connectivity Wi-Fi, Ethernet, USB The Verdict
The OT1 proved that affordable lab automation was possible. However, the OT2 is a superior machine in every category. It delivers the reliability, safety, and precision required for serious scientific research. The OT1 is now a legacy machine, while the OT2 serves as a robust workhorse for modern high-throughput labs. To help narrow down your research, let me know: Your specific budget constraints
The types of assays you need to automate (e.g., PCR, NGS, serial dilutions) Whether you are buying new or used equipment
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